Bookinfo Sample Application

Note: This guide assumes you will be using the new v1alpha3 traffic management API. The old API has been deprecated and will be removed in the next Istio release. If you need to use the old version, you can follow the old instructions here, but note that on Kubernetes you will need to run an additional command (kubectl apply -f samples/bookinfo/kube/bookinfo-gateway.yaml) to define the Ingress, which previously was included in bookinfo.yaml.

This guide deploys a sample application composed of four separate microservices which will be used to demonstrate various features of the Istio service mesh.

Overview

In this guide we will deploy a simple application that displays information about a book, similar to a single catalog entry of an online book store. Displayed on the page is a description of the book, book details (ISBN, number of pages, and so on), and a few book reviews.

The Bookinfo application is broken into four separate microservices:

productpage. The productpage microservice calls the details and reviews microservices to populate the page.
details. The details microservice contains book information.
reviews. The reviews microservice contains book reviews. It also calls the ratings microservice.
ratings. The ratings microservice contains book ranking information that accompanies a book review.

There are 3 versions of the reviews microservice:

Version v1 doesn't call the ratings service.
Version v2 calls the ratings service, and displays each rating as 1 to 5 black stars.
Version v3 calls the ratings service, and displays each rating as 1 to 5 red stars.

The end-to-end architecture of the application is shown below.

This application is polyglot, i.e., the microservices are written in different languages. It’s worth noting that these services have no dependencies on Istio, but make an interesting service mesh example, particularly because of the multitude of services, languages and versions for the reviews service.

Before you begin

If you haven't already done so, setup Istio by following the instructions corresponding to your platform installation guide.

Deploying the application

To run the sample with Istio requires no changes to the application itself. Instead, we simply need to configure and run the services in an Istio-enabled environment, with Envoy sidecars injected along side each service. The needed commands and configuration vary depending on the runtime environment although in all cases the resulting deployment will look like this:

All of the microservices will be packaged with an Envoy sidecar that intercepts incoming and outgoing calls for the services, providing the hooks needed to externally control, via the Istio control plane, routing, telemetry collection, and policy enforcement for the application as a whole.

To start the application, follow the instructions below corresponding to your Istio runtime environment.

Running on Kubernetes

If you use GKE, please ensure your cluster has at least 4 standard GKE nodes. If you use Minikube, please ensure you have at least 4GB RAM.

Change directory to the root of the Istio installation directory.
Bring up the application containers:
- If you are using manual sidecar injection, use the following command
```
$ kubectl apply -f <(istioctl kube-inject -f @samples/bookinfo/kube/bookinfo.yaml@)
```
  The istioctl kube-inject command is used to manually modify the bookinfo.yaml file before creating the deployments as documented [here](/docs/reference/commands/istioctl/#istioctl kube-inject).
- If you are using a cluster with automatic sidecar injection enabled, simply deploy the services using kubectl
```
$ kubectl apply -f @samples/bookinfo/kube/bookinfo.yaml@
```
Either of the above commands launches all four microservices as illustrated in the above diagram. All 3 versions of the reviews service, v1, v2, and v3, are started.

In a realistic deployment, new versions of a microservice are deployed over time instead of deploying all versions simultaneously.

Define the ingress gateway for the application:

$ istioctl create -f @samples/bookinfo/routing/bookinfo-gateway.yaml@

Confirm all services and pods are correctly defined and running:

$ kubectl get services
NAME                       CLUSTER-IP   EXTERNAL-IP   PORT(S)              AGE
details                    10.0.0.31    <none>        9080/TCP             6m
kubernetes                 10.0.0.1     <none>        443/TCP              7d
productpage                10.0.0.120   <none>        9080/TCP             6m
ratings                    10.0.0.15    <none>        9080/TCP             6m
reviews                    10.0.0.170   <none>        9080/TCP             6m

and

$ kubectl get pods
NAME                                        READY     STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
details-v1-1520924117-48z17                 2/2       Running   0          6m
productpage-v1-560495357-jk1lz              2/2       Running   0          6m
ratings-v1-734492171-rnr5l                  2/2       Running   0          6m
reviews-v1-874083890-f0qf0                  2/2       Running   0          6m
reviews-v2-1343845940-b34q5                 2/2       Running   0          6m
reviews-v3-1813607990-8ch52                 2/2       Running   0          6m

Determining the ingress IP and port

Follow these instructions to set the INGRESS_HOST and INGRESS_PORT variables.

Set GATEWAY_URL:

$ export GATEWAY_URL=$INGRESS_HOST:$INGRESS_PORT

Running on Docker with Consul or Eureka

Change directory to the root of the Istio installation directory.

Bring up the application containers.

To test with Consul, run the following commands:

$ docker-compose -f @samples/bookinfo/consul/bookinfo.yaml@ up -d
$ docker-compose -f @samples/bookinfo/consul/bookinfo.sidecars.yaml@ up -d

To test with Eureka, run the following commands:

$ docker-compose -f @samples/bookinfo/eureka/bookinfo.yaml@ up -d
$ docker-compose -f @samples/bookinfo/eureka/bookinfo.sidecars.yaml@ up -d

Confirm that all docker containers are running:
```
$ docker ps -a
```
If the Istio Pilot container terminates, re-run the command from the previous step.
Set GATEWAY_URL:
```
$ export GATEWAY_URL=localhost:9081
```

What's next

To confirm that the Bookinfo application is running, run the following curl command:

$ curl -o /dev/null -s -w "%{http_code}\n" http://${GATEWAY_URL}/productpage
200

You can also point your browser to http://$GATEWAY_URL/productpage to view the Bookinfo web page. If you refresh the page several times, you should see different versions of reviews shown in productpage, presented in a round robin style (red stars, black stars, no stars), since we haven't yet used Istio to control the version routing.

You can now use this sample to experiment with Istio's features for traffic routing, fault injection, rate limiting, etc.. To proceed, refer to one or more of the Istio Guides, depending on your interest. Intelligent Routing is a good place to start for beginners.

Cleanup

When you're finished experimenting with the Bookinfo sample, you can uninstall and clean it up using the following instructions.

Uninstall from Kubernetes environment

Delete the routing rules and terminate the application pods
```
$ @samples/bookinfo/kube/cleanup.sh@
```

Confirm shutdown

$ istioctl get gateway           #-- there should be no more gateway
$ istioctl get virtualservices   #-- there should be no more virtual services
$ kubectl get pods               #-- the Bookinfo pods should be deleted

Uninstall from Docker environment

Delete the routing rules and application containers

In a Consul setup, run the following command:
```
$ @samples/bookinfo/consul/cleanup.sh@
```
In a Eureka setup, run the following command:
```
$ @samples/bookinfo/eureka/cleanup.sh@
```

Confirm cleanup

$ istioctl get virtualservices   #-- there should be no more routing rules
$ docker ps -a                   #-- the Bookinfo containers should be deleted