Kubernetes Gateway API

This task describes how to configure Istio to expose a service outside of the service mesh cluster, using the Kubernetes Gateway API. These APIs are an actively developed evolution of the Kubernetes Service and Ingress APIs.

Setup

  1. Install the Gateway API CRDs:

    $ kubectl kustomize "github.com/kubernetes-sigs/gateway-api/config/crd?ref=v0.2.0" | kubectl apply -f -
    
  2. Install Istio, or reconfigure an existing installation to enable the Gateway API controller:

    $ istioctl install --set values.pilot.env.PILOT_ENABLED_SERVICE_APIS=true
    
  3. Follow the instructions in the Determining the ingress IP and ports sections of the Ingress Gateways task in order to retrieve the external IP address of your ingress gateway.

Configuring a Gateway

See the Gateway API documentation for information about the APIs.

  1. Deploy a test application:

    Zip
    $ kubectl apply -f @samples/httpbin/httpbin.yaml@
    
  2. Deploy the Gateway API configuration:

    $ kubectl apply -f - <<EOF
    apiVersion: networking.x-k8s.io/v1alpha1
    kind: GatewayClass
    metadata:
      name: istio
    spec:
      controller: istio.io/gateway-controller
    ---
    apiVersion: networking.x-k8s.io/v1alpha1
    kind: Gateway
    metadata:
      name: gateway
      namespace: istio-system
    spec:
      gatewayClassName: istio
      listeners:
      - hostname: "*"
        port: 80
        protocol: HTTP
        routes:
          namespaces:
            from: All
          selector:
            matchLabels:
              selected: "yes"
          kind: HTTPRoute
    ---
    apiVersion: networking.x-k8s.io/v1alpha1
    kind: HTTPRoute
    metadata:
      name: http
      namespace: default
      labels:
        selected: "yes"
    spec:
      gateways:
        allow: All
      hostnames: ["httpbin.example.com"]
      rules:
      - matches:
        - path:
            type: Prefix
            value: /get
        filters:
        - type: RequestHeaderModifier
          requestHeaderModifier:
            add:
              my-added-header: added-value
        forwardTo:
        - serviceName: httpbin
          port: 8000
    EOF
    
  3. Access the httpbin service using curl:

    $ curl -s -I -HHost:httpbin.example.com "http://$INGRESS_HOST:$INGRESS_PORT/get"
    HTTP/1.1 200 OK
    server: istio-envoy
    ...
    

    Note the use of the -H flag to set the Host HTTP header to “httpbin.example.com”. This is needed because the HTTPRoute is configured to handle “httpbin.example.com”, but in your test environment you have no DNS binding for that host and are simply sending your request to the ingress IP.

  4. Access any other URL that has not been explicitly exposed. You should see an HTTP 404 error:

    $ curl -s -I -HHost:httpbin.example.com "http://$INGRESS_HOST:$INGRESS_PORT/headers"
    HTTP/1.1 404 Not Found
    ...
    
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