Getting Started without the Gateway API

8 minute read page test

This guide lets you quickly evaluate Istio, using only its legacy APIs. If you want to use the Kubernetes Gateway API, please see that example. If you are already familiar with Istio or interested in installing other configuration profiles or advanced deployment models, refer to our which Istio installation method should I use? FAQ page.

These steps require you to have a cluster running a supported version of Kubernetes (1.27, 1.28, 1.29, 1.30). You can use any supported platform, for example Minikube or others specified by the platform-specific setup instructions.

Follow these steps to get started with Istio:

Download Istio

Go to the Istio release page to download the installation file for your OS, or download and extract the latest release automatically (Linux or macOS):
```
$ curl -L https://istio.io/downloadIstio | sh -
```
The command above downloads the latest release (numerically) of Istio. You can pass variables on the command line to download a specific version or to override the processor architecture. For example, to download Istio 1.22.3 for the x86_64 architecture, run:
```
$ curl -L https://istio.io/downloadIstio | ISTIO_VERSION=1.22.3 TARGET_ARCH=x86_64 sh -
```
Move to the Istio package directory. For example, if the package is istio-1.22.3:
```
$ cd istio-1.22.3
```
The installation directory contains:
- Sample applications in samples/
- The istioctl client binary in the bin/ directory.
Add the istioctl client to your path (Linux or macOS):
```
$ export PATH=$PWD/bin:$PATH
```

Install Istio

For this installation, we use the demo configuration profile. It’s selected to have a good set of defaults for testing, but there are other profiles for production or performance testing.
If your platform has a vendor-specific configuration profile, e.g., Openshift, use it in the following command, instead of the demo profile. Refer to your platform instructions for details.
```
$ istioctl install --set profile=demo -y
✔ Istio core installed
✔ Istiod installed
✔ Egress gateways installed
✔ Ingress gateways installed
✔ Installation complete
```
Add a namespace label to instruct Istio to automatically inject Envoy sidecar proxies when you deploy your application later:
```
$ kubectl label namespace default istio-injection=enabled
namespace/default labeled
```

Deploy the sample application

Deploy the Bookinfo sample application:

$ kubectl apply -f @samples/bookinfo/platform/kube/bookinfo.yaml@
service/details created
serviceaccount/bookinfo-details created
deployment.apps/details-v1 created
service/ratings created
serviceaccount/bookinfo-ratings created
deployment.apps/ratings-v1 created
service/reviews created
serviceaccount/bookinfo-reviews created
deployment.apps/reviews-v1 created
deployment.apps/reviews-v2 created
deployment.apps/reviews-v3 created
service/productpage created
serviceaccount/bookinfo-productpage created
deployment.apps/productpage-v1 created

The application will start. As each pod becomes ready, the Istio sidecar will be deployed along with it.

$ kubectl get services
NAME          TYPE        CLUSTER-IP      EXTERNAL-IP   PORT(S)    AGE
details       ClusterIP   10.0.0.212      <none>        9080/TCP   29s
kubernetes    ClusterIP   10.0.0.1        <none>        443/TCP    25m
productpage   ClusterIP   10.0.0.57       <none>        9080/TCP   28s
ratings       ClusterIP   10.0.0.33       <none>        9080/TCP   29s
reviews       ClusterIP   10.0.0.28       <none>        9080/TCP   29s

and

$ kubectl get pods
NAME                              READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
details-v1-558b8b4b76-2llld       2/2     Running   0          2m41s
productpage-v1-6987489c74-lpkgl   2/2     Running   0          2m40s
ratings-v1-7dc98c7588-vzftc       2/2     Running   0          2m41s
reviews-v1-7f99cc4496-gdxfn       2/2     Running   0          2m41s
reviews-v2-7d79d5bd5d-8zzqd       2/2     Running   0          2m41s
reviews-v3-7dbcdcbc56-m8dph       2/2     Running   0          2m41s

Verify everything is working correctly up to this point. Run this command to see if the app is running inside the cluster and serving HTML pages by checking for the page title in the response:

$ kubectl exec "$(kubectl get pod -l app=ratings -o jsonpath='{.items[0].metadata.name}')" -c ratings -- curl -sS productpage:9080/productpage | grep -o "<title>.*</title>"
<title>Simple Bookstore App</title>

Open the application to outside traffic

The Bookinfo application is deployed but not accessible from the outside. To make it accessible, you need to create an Istio Ingress Gateway, which maps a path to a route at the edge of your mesh.

Associate this application with the Istio gateway:

$ kubectl apply -f @samples/bookinfo/networking/bookinfo-gateway.yaml@
gateway.networking.istio.io/bookinfo-gateway created
virtualservice.networking.istio.io/bookinfo created

Ensure that there are no issues with the configuration:

$ istioctl analyze
✔ No validation issues found when analyzing namespace: default.

Determining the ingress IP and ports

Follow these instructions to set the INGRESS_HOST and INGRESS_PORT variables for accessing the gateway. Use the tabs to choose the instructions for your chosen platform:

Run this command in a new terminal window to start a Minikube tunnel that sends traffic to your Istio Ingress Gateway. This will provide an external load balancer, EXTERNAL-IP, for service/istio-ingressgateway.

$ minikube tunnel

Set the ingress host and ports:

$ export INGRESS_HOST=$(kubectl -n istio-system get service istio-ingressgateway -o jsonpath='{.status.loadBalancer.ingress[0].ip}')
$ export INGRESS_PORT=$(kubectl -n istio-system get service istio-ingressgateway -o jsonpath='{.spec.ports[?(@.name=="http2")].port}')
$ export SECURE_INGRESS_PORT=$(kubectl -n istio-system get service istio-ingressgateway -o jsonpath='{.spec.ports[?(@.name=="https")].port}')

Ensure an IP address and ports were successfully assigned to each environment variable:

$ echo "$INGRESS_HOST"
127.0.0.1

$ echo "$INGRESS_PORT"
80

$ echo "$SECURE_INGRESS_PORT"
443

Execute the following command to determine if your Kubernetes cluster is running in an environment that supports external load balancers:

$ kubectl get svc istio-ingressgateway -n istio-system
NAME                   TYPE           CLUSTER-IP       EXTERNAL-IP     PORT(S)                                      AGE
istio-ingressgateway   LoadBalancer   172.21.109.129   130.211.10.121  80:31380/TCP,443:31390/TCP,31400:31400/TCP   17h

If the EXTERNAL-IP value is set, your environment has an external load balancer that you can use for the ingress gateway. If the EXTERNAL-IP value is <none> (or perpetually <pending>), your environment does not provide an external load balancer for the ingress gateway. In this case, you can access the gateway using the service’s node port.

Choose the instructions corresponding to your environment:

Follow these instructions if you have determined that your environment has an external load balancer.

Set the ingress IP and ports:

$ export INGRESS_HOST=$(kubectl -n istio-system get service istio-ingressgateway -o jsonpath='{.status.loadBalancer.ingress[0].ip}')
$ export INGRESS_PORT=$(kubectl -n istio-system get service istio-ingressgateway -o jsonpath='{.spec.ports[?(@.name=="http2")].port}')
$ export SECURE_INGRESS_PORT=$(kubectl -n istio-system get service istio-ingressgateway -o jsonpath='{.spec.ports[?(@.name=="https")].port}')

In certain environments, the load balancer may be exposed using a host name, instead of an IP address. In this case, the ingress gateway’s EXTERNAL-IP value will not be an IP address, but rather a host name, and the above command will have failed to set the INGRESS_HOST environment variable. Use the following command to correct the INGRESS_HOST value:

$ export INGRESS_HOST=$(kubectl -n istio-system get service istio-ingressgateway -o jsonpath='{.status.loadBalancer.ingress[0].hostname}')

Follow these instructions if your environment does not have an external load balancer and choose a node port instead.

Set the ingress ports:

$ export INGRESS_PORT=$(kubectl -n istio-system get service istio-ingressgateway -o jsonpath='{.spec.ports[?(@.name=="http2")].nodePort}')
$ export SECURE_INGRESS_PORT=$(kubectl -n istio-system get service istio-ingressgateway -o jsonpath='{.spec.ports[?(@.name=="https")].nodePort}')

GKE:

$ export INGRESS_HOST=worker-node-address

You need to create firewall rules to allow the TCP traffic to the ingressgateway service’s ports. Run the following commands to allow the traffic for the HTTP port, the secure port (HTTPS) or both:

$ gcloud compute firewall-rules create allow-gateway-http --allow "tcp:$INGRESS_PORT"
$ gcloud compute firewall-rules create allow-gateway-https --allow "tcp:$SECURE_INGRESS_PORT"

IBM Cloud Kubernetes Service:

$ ibmcloud ks workers --cluster cluster-name-or-id
$ export INGRESS_HOST=public-IP-of-one-of-the-worker-nodes

Docker For Desktop:

$ export INGRESS_HOST=127.0.0.1

Other environments:

$ export INGRESS_HOST=$(kubectl get po -l istio=ingressgateway -n istio-system -o jsonpath='{.items[0].status.hostIP}')

Set GATEWAY_URL:

$ export GATEWAY_URL=$INGRESS_HOST:$INGRESS_PORT

Ensure an IP address and port were successfully assigned to the environment variable:
```
$ echo "$GATEWAY_URL"
127.0.0.1:80
```

Verify external access

Confirm that the Bookinfo application is accessible from outside by viewing the Bookinfo product page using a browser.

Run the following command to retrieve the external address of the Bookinfo application.
```
$ echo "http://$GATEWAY_URL/productpage"
```
Paste the output from the previous command into your web browser and confirm that the Bookinfo product page is displayed.

View the dashboard

Istio integrates with several different telemetry applications. These can help you gain an understanding of the structure of your service mesh, display the topology of the mesh, and analyze the health of your mesh.

Use the following instructions to deploy the Kiali dashboard, along with Prometheus, Grafana, and Jaeger.

Install Kiali and the other addons and wait for them to be deployed.
```
$ kubectl apply -f samples/addons
$ kubectl rollout status deployment/kiali -n istio-system
Waiting for deployment "kiali" rollout to finish: 0 of 1 updated replicas are available...
deployment "kiali" successfully rolled out
```
If there are errors trying to install the addons, try running the command again. There may be some timing issues which will be resolved when the command is run again.
Access the Kiali dashboard.
```
$ istioctl dashboard kiali
```
In the left navigation menu, select Graph and in the Namespace drop down, select default.
To see trace data, you must send requests to your service. The number of requests depends on Istio’s sampling rate and can be configured using the Telemetry API. With the default sampling rate of 1%, you need to send at least 100 requests before the first trace is visible. To send 100 requests to the productpage service, use the following command:
```
$ for i in $(seq 1 100); do curl -s -o /dev/null "http://$GATEWAY_URL/productpage"; done
```
The Kiali dashboard shows an overview of your mesh with the relationships between the services in the Bookinfo sample application. It also provides filters to visualize the traffic flow.
Kiali Dashboard

Next steps

Congratulations on completing the evaluation installation!

These tasks are a great place for beginners to further evaluate Istio’s features using this demo installation:

Before you customize Istio for production use, see these resources:

Join the Istio community

We welcome you to ask questions and give us feedback by joining the Istio community.

Uninstall

To delete the Bookinfo sample application and its configuration, see Bookinfo cleanup.

The Istio uninstall deletes the RBAC permissions and all resources hierarchically under the istio-system namespace. It is safe to ignore errors for non-existent resources because they may have been deleted hierarchically.

$ kubectl delete -f @samples/addons@
$ istioctl uninstall -y --purge

The istio-system namespace is not removed by default. If no longer needed, use the following command to remove it:

$ kubectl delete namespace istio-system

The label to instruct Istio to automatically inject Envoy sidecar proxies is not removed by default. If no longer needed, use the following command to remove it:

$ kubectl label namespace default istio-injection-