Istio Operator Install

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Instead of manually installing, upgrading, and uninstalling Istio, you can instead let the Istio operator manage the installation for you. This relieves you of the burden of managing different istioctl versions. Simply update the operator custom resource (CR) and the operator controller will apply the corresponding configuration changes for you.

The same IstioOperator API is used to install Istio with the operator as when using the istioctl install instructions. In both cases, configuration is validated against a schema and the same correctness checks are performed.

Prerequisites

Perform any necessary platform-specific setup.
Check the Requirements for Pods and Services.
Install the istioctl command.

Install

Deploy the Istio operator

The istioctl command can be used to automatically deploy the Istio operator:

$ istioctl operator init

This command runs the operator by creating the following resources in the istio-operator namespace:

The operator custom resource definition
The operator controller deployment
A service to access operator metrics
Necessary Istio operator RBAC rules

You can configure which namespace the operator controller is installed in, the namespace(s) the operator watches, the installed Istio image sources and versions, and more. For example, you can pass one or more namespaces to watch using the --watchedNamespaces flag:

$ istioctl operator init --watchedNamespaces=istio-namespace1,istio-namespace2

See the istioctl operator init command reference for details.

You can alternatively deploy the operator using Helm:

Create a namespace istio-operator.

$ kubectl create namespace istio-operator

Install operator using Helm.

$ helm install istio-operator manifests/charts/istio-operator \
 --set watchedNamespaces="istio-namespace1\,istio-namespace2" \
 -n istio-operator

Note that you need to download the Istio release to run the above command.

Install Istio with the operator

With the operator installed, you can now create a mesh by deploying an IstioOperator resource. To install the Istio demo configuration profile using the operator, run the following command:

$ kubectl apply -f - <<EOF
apiVersion: install.istio.io/v1alpha1
kind: IstioOperator
metadata:
  namespace: istio-system
  name: example-istiocontrolplane
spec:
  profile: demo
EOF

The controller will detect the IstioOperator resource and then install the Istio components corresponding to the specified (demo) configuration.

The Istio control plane (istiod) will be installed in the istio-system namespace by default. To install it in a different location, specify the namespace using the values.global.istioNamespace field as follows:

apiVersion: install.istio.io/v1alpha1
kind: IstioOperator
...
spec:
  profile: demo
  values:
    global:
      istioNamespace: istio-namespace1

You can confirm the Istio control plane services have been deployed with the following commands:

$ kubectl get services -n istio-system
NAME                   TYPE           CLUSTER-IP      EXTERNAL-IP      PORT(S)   AGE
istio-egressgateway    ClusterIP      10.96.65.145    <none>           ...       30s
istio-ingressgateway   LoadBalancer   10.96.189.244   192.168.11.156   ...       30s
istiod                 ClusterIP      10.96.189.20    <none>           ...       37s

$ kubectl get pods -n istio-system
NAME                                    READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
istio-egressgateway-696cccb5-m8ndk      1/1     Running   0          68s
istio-ingressgateway-86cb4b6795-9jlrk   1/1     Running   0          68s
istiod-b47586647-sf6sw                  1/1     Running   0          74s

Update

Now, with the controller running, you can change the Istio configuration by editing or replacing the IstioOperator resource. The controller will detect the change and respond by updating the Istio installation correspondingly.

For example, you can switch the installation to the default profile with the following command:

$ kubectl apply -f - <<EOF
apiVersion: install.istio.io/v1alpha1
kind: IstioOperator
metadata:
  namespace: istio-system
  name: example-istiocontrolplane
spec:
  profile: default
EOF

You can also enable or disable components and modify resource settings. For example, to enable the istio-egressgateway component and increase pilot memory requests:

$ kubectl apply -f - <<EOF
apiVersion: install.istio.io/v1alpha1
kind: IstioOperator
metadata:
  namespace: istio-system
  name: example-istiocontrolplane
spec:
  profile: default
  components:
    pilot:
      k8s:
        resources:
          requests:
            memory: 3072Mi
    egressGateways:
    - name: istio-egressgateway
      enabled: true
EOF

You can observe the changes that the controller makes in the cluster in response to IstioOperator CR updates by checking the operator controller logs:

$ kubectl logs -f -n istio-operator "$(kubectl get pods -n istio-operator -lname=istio-operator -o jsonpath='{.items[0].metadata.name}')"

Refer to the IstioOperator API for the complete set of configuration settings.

In-place Upgrade

Download and extract the istioctl corresponding to the version of Istio you wish to upgrade to. Reinstall the operator at the target Istio version:

$ <extracted-dir>/bin/istioctl operator init

You should see that the istio-operator pod has restarted and its version has changed to the target version:

$ kubectl get pods --namespace istio-operator \
  -o=jsonpath='{range .items[*]}{.metadata.name}{":\t"}{range .spec.containers[*]}{.image}{", "}{end}{"\n"}{end}'

After a minute or two, the Istio control plane components should also be restarted at the new version:

$ kubectl get pods --namespace istio-system \
  -o=jsonpath='{range .items[*]}{"\n"}{.metadata.name}{":\t"}{range .spec.containers[*]}{.image}{", "}{end}{"\n"}{end}'

Canary Upgrade

The process for canary upgrade is similar to the canary upgrade with istioctl.

For example, to upgrade Istio 1.17.0 to 1.18.2, first install 1.17.0 :

$ curl -L https://istio.io/downloadIstio | ISTIO_VERSION=1.17.0 sh -

Deploy the operator using Istio version 1.17.0:

$ istio-1.17.0/bin/istioctl operator init

Install Istio control plane demo profile:

$ kubectl apply -f - <<EOF
apiVersion: install.istio.io/v1alpha1
kind: IstioOperator
metadata:
  namespace: istio-system
  name: example-istiocontrolplane-1-17-0
spec:
  profile: default
EOF

Verify that the IstioOperator CR named example-istiocontrolplane exists in your cluster:

$ kubectl get iop --all-namespaces
NAMESPACE      NAME                              REVISION   STATUS    AGE
istio-system   example-istiocontrolplane1-17-0              HEALTHY   11m

Download and extract the istioctl corresponding to the version of Istio you wish to upgrade to. Then, run the following command to install the new target revision of the Istio control plane based on the in-cluster IstioOperator CR (here, we assume the target revision is 1-18-2):

$ istio-1.18.2/bin/istioctl operator init --revision 1-18-2

You can alternatively use Helm to deploy another operator with a different revision setting:

$ helm install istio-operator manifests/charts/istio-operator \
  --set watchedNamespaces=istio-system \
  -n istio-operator \
  --set revision=1-18-2

Note that you need to download the Istio release to run the above command.

Make a copy of the example-istiocontrolplane CR and save it in a file named example-istiocontrolplane-1-18-2.yaml. Change the name to example-istiocontrolplane-1-18-2 and add revision: 1-18-2 to the CR. Your updated IstioOperator CR should look something like this:

$ cat example-istiocontrolplane-1-18-2.yaml
apiVersion: install.istio.io/v1alpha1
kind: IstioOperator
metadata:
  namespace: istio-system
  name: example-istiocontrolplane-1-18-2
spec:
  revision: 1-18-2
  profile: default

Apply the updated IstioOperator CR to the cluster. After that, you will have two control plane deployments and services running side-by-side:

$ kubectl get pod -n istio-system -l app=istiod
NAME                             READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
istiod-1-18-2-597475f4f6-bgtcz   1/1     Running   0          64s
istiod-6ffcc65b96-bxzv5          1/1     Running   0          2m11s

$ kubectl get services -n istio-system -l app=istiod
NAME            TYPE        CLUSTER-IP       EXTERNAL-IP   PORT(S)                                         AGE
istiod          ClusterIP   10.104.129.150   <none>        15010/TCP,15012/TCP,443/TCP,15014/TCP,853/TCP   2m35s
istiod-1-18-2   ClusterIP   10.111.17.49     <none>        15010/TCP,15012/TCP,443/TCP,15014/TCP           88s

To complete the upgrade, label the workload namespaces with istio.io/rev=1-18-2 and restart the workloads, as explained in the Data plane upgrade documentation.

Uninstall

If you used the operator to perform a canary upgrade of the control plane, you can uninstall the old control plane and keep the new one by deleting the old in-cluster IstioOperator CR, which will uninstall the old revision of Istio:

$ kubectl delete istiooperators.install.istio.io -n istio-system example-istiocontrolplane

Wait until Istio is uninstalled - this may take some time.

Then you can remove the Istio operator for the old revision by running the following command:

$ istioctl operator remove --revision <revision>

If you omit the revision flag, then all revisions of Istio operator will be removed.

Note that deleting the operator before the IstioOperator CR and corresponding Istio revision are fully removed may result in leftover Istio resources. To clean up anything not removed by the operator:

$ istioctl uninstall -y --purge
$ kubectl delete ns istio-system istio-operator