Egress 网关的 TLS 发起过程
为 Egress 流量发起 TLS 连接 示例中演示了如何配置 Istio 以对外部服务流量实施 TLS origination。 配置 Egress Gateway 示例中演示了如何配置 Istio 来通过专门的 egress 网关服务引导 egress 流量。 本示例兼容以上两者,描述如何配置 egress 网关,为外部服务流量发起 TLS 连接。
开始之前
遵照安装指南中的指令,安装 Istio。
启动 sleep 样本应用,作为外部请求的测试源。
若已开启自动 sidecar 注入,执行
$ kubectl apply -f @samples/sleep/sleep.yaml@
否则,必须在部署
sleep
应用之前手动注入 sidecar:$ kubectl apply -f <(istioctl kube-inject -f @samples/sleep/sleep.yaml@)
注意每一个可以执行
exec
和curl
操作的 pod,都需要注入。创建一个 shell 变量,来保存向外部服务发送请求的源 pod 的名称。 若使用 sleep 样例,运行:
$ export SOURCE_POD=$(kubectl get pod -l app=sleep -o jsonpath={.items..metadata.name})
对于 macOS 用户,确认您使用的是
openssl
版本 1.1 或更高版本:$ openssl version -a | grep OpenSSL OpenSSL 1.1.1g 21 Apr 2020
如果前面的命令输出的是版本
1.1
或更高版本,如图所示,则您的openssl
命令应该正确执行此任务中的指示。否则,升级您的openssl
或尝试openssl
的不同实现,像在 Linux 机器上一样。
通过 egress 网关发起 TLS 连接
本节描述如何使用 egress 网关发起与示例为 Egress 流量发起 TLS 连接中一样的 TLS。 注意,这种情况下,TLS 的发起过程由 egress 网关完成,而不是像之前示例演示的那样由 sidecar 完成。
为
edition.cnn.com
定义一个ServiceEntry
:$ kubectl apply -f - <<EOF apiVersion: networking.istio.io/v1alpha3 kind: ServiceEntry metadata: name: cnn spec: hosts: - edition.cnn.com ports: - number: 80 name: http protocol: HTTP - number: 443 name: https protocol: HTTPS resolution: DNS EOF
发送一个请求至 http://edition.cnn.com/politics,验证
ServiceEntry
已被正确应用。$ kubectl exec -it $SOURCE_POD -c sleep -- curl -sL -o /dev/null -D - http://edition.cnn.com/politics HTTP/1.1 301 Moved Permanently ... location: https://edition.cnn.com/politics ... command terminated with exit code 35
如果在输出中看到 301 Moved Permanently,说明
ServiceEntry
配置正确。为 edition.cnn.com 创建一个 egress
Gateway
,端口 443,以及一个 sidecar 请求的目标规则,sidecar 请求被直接导向 egress 网关。$ kubectl apply -f - <<EOF apiVersion: networking.istio.io/v1alpha3 kind: Gateway metadata: name: istio-egressgateway spec: selector: istio: egressgateway servers: - port: number: 80 name: https-port-for-tls-origination protocol: HTTPS hosts: - edition.cnn.com tls: mode: ISTIO_MUTUAL --- apiVersion: networking.istio.io/v1alpha3 kind: DestinationRule metadata: name: egressgateway-for-cnn spec: host: istio-egressgateway.istio-system.svc.cluster.local subsets: - name: cnn trafficPolicy: loadBalancer: simple: ROUND_ROBIN portLevelSettings: - port: number: 80 tls: mode: ISTIO_MUTUAL sni: edition.cnn.com EOF
定义一个
VirtualService
来引导流量流经 egress 网关,以及一个DestinationRule
为访问edition.cnn.com
的请求发起 TLS 连接:$ kubectl apply -f - <<EOF apiVersion: networking.istio.io/v1alpha3 kind: VirtualService metadata: name: direct-cnn-through-egress-gateway spec: hosts: - edition.cnn.com gateways: - istio-egressgateway - mesh http: - match: - gateways: - mesh port: 80 route: - destination: host: istio-egressgateway.istio-system.svc.cluster.local subset: cnn port: number: 80 weight: 100 - match: - gateways: - istio-egressgateway port: 80 route: - destination: host: edition.cnn.com port: number: 443 weight: 100 --- apiVersion: networking.istio.io/v1alpha3 kind: DestinationRule metadata: name: originate-tls-for-edition-cnn-com spec: host: edition.cnn.com trafficPolicy: loadBalancer: simple: ROUND_ROBIN portLevelSettings: - port: number: 443 tls: mode: SIMPLE # initiates HTTPS for connections to edition.cnn.com EOF
发送一个 HTTP 请求至 http://edition.cnn.com/politics。
$ kubectl exec -it $SOURCE_POD -c sleep -- curl -sL -o /dev/null -D - http://edition.cnn.com/politics HTTP/1.1 200 OK ...
输出将与在示例为 Egress 流量发起 TLS 连接中显示的一样,发起 TLS 连接后,不再显示 301 Moved Permanently 消息。
检查
istio-egressgateway
pod 的日志,将看到一行与请求相关的记录。 若 Istio 部署在istio-system
命名空间中,打印日志的命令为:$ kubectl logs -l istio=egressgateway -c istio-proxy -n istio-system | tail
将看到类似如下一行:
[2020-06-30T16:17:56.763Z] "GET /politics HTTP/2" 200 - "-" "-" 0 1295938 529 89 "10.244.0.171" "curl/7.64.0" "cf76518d-3209-9ab7-a1d0-e6002728ef5b" "edition.cnn.com" "151.101.129.67:443" outbound|443||edition.cnn.com 10.244.0.170:54280 10.244.0.170:8080 10.244.0.171:35628 - -
清除 TLS 启动实例
删除创建的 Istio 配置项:
$ kubectl delete gateway istio-egressgateway
$ kubectl delete serviceentry cnn
$ kubectl delete virtualservice direct-cnn-through-egress-gateway
$ kubectl delete destinationrule originate-tls-for-edition-cnn-com
$ kubectl delete destinationrule egressgateway-for-cnn
通过 egress 网关发起双向 TLS 连接
与前一章节类似,本章节描述如何配置一个 egress 网关,为外部服务发起 TLS 连接,只是这次服务要求双向 TLS。
本示例要求更高的参与性,首先需要:
- 生成客户端和服务器证书
- 部署一个支持双向 TLS 的外部服务
- 使用所需的证书重新部署 egress 网关
然后才可以配置出口流量流经 egress 网关,egress 网关将发起 TLS 连接。
生成客户端和服务器的证书与密钥
对于此任务,您可以使用自己喜欢的工具来生成证书和密钥。以下命令使用openssl
为您的服务签名证书创建根证书和私钥:
$ openssl req -x509 -sha256 -nodes -days 365 -newkey rsa:2048 -subj '/O=example Inc./CN=example.com' -keyout example.com.key -out example.com.crt
为
my-nginx.mesh-external.svc.cluster.local
创建证书和私钥:$ openssl req -out my-nginx.mesh-external.svc.cluster.local.csr -newkey rsa:2048 -nodes -keyout my-nginx.mesh-external.svc.cluster.local.key -subj "/CN=my-nginx.mesh-external.svc.cluster.local/O=some organization" $ openssl x509 -req -sha256 -days 365 -CA example.com.crt -CAkey example.com.key -set_serial 0 -in my-nginx.mesh-external.svc.cluster.local.csr -out my-nginx.mesh-external.svc.cluster.local.crt
生成客户端证书和私钥:
$ openssl req -out client.example.com.csr -newkey rsa:2048 -nodes -keyout client.example.com.key -subj "/CN=client.example.com/O=client organization" $ openssl x509 -req -sha256 -days 365 -CA example.com.crt -CAkey example.com.key -set_serial 1 -in client.example.com.csr -out client.example.com.crt
部署一个双向 TLS 服务器
为了模拟一个真实的支持双向 TLS 协议的外部服务, 在 Kubernetes 集群中部署一个 NGINX 服务器,该服务器运行在 Istio 服务网格之外,譬如:运行在一个没有开启 Istio sidecar proxy 注入的命名空间中。
创建一个命名空间,表示 Istio 网格之外的服务,
mesh-external
。注意在这个命名空间中,sidecar 自动注入是没有开启的,不会在 pods 中自动注入 sidecar proxy。$ kubectl create namespace mesh-external
创建 Kubernetes Secrets ,保存服务器和 CA 的证书。
$ kubectl create -n mesh-external secret tls nginx-server-certs --key my-nginx.mesh-external.svc.cluster.local.key --cert my-nginx.mesh-external.svc.cluster.local.crt $ kubectl create -n mesh-external secret generic nginx-ca-certs --from-file=example.com.crt
生成 NGINX 服务器的配置文件:
$ cat <<\EOF > ./nginx.conf events { } http { log_format main '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] $status ' '"$request" $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" ' '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"'; access_log /var/log/nginx/access.log main; error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log; server { listen 443 ssl; root /usr/share/nginx/html; index index.html; server_name my-nginx.mesh-external.svc.cluster.local; ssl_certificate /etc/nginx-server-certs/tls.crt; ssl_certificate_key /etc/nginx-server-certs/tls.key; ssl_client_certificate /etc/nginx-ca-certs/example.com.crt; ssl_verify_client on; } } EOF
生成 Kubernetes ConfigMap 保存 NGINX 服务器的配置文件:
$ kubectl create configmap nginx-configmap -n mesh-external --from-file=nginx.conf=./nginx.conf
部署 NGINX 服务器:
$ kubectl apply -f - <<EOF apiVersion: v1 kind: Service metadata: name: my-nginx namespace: mesh-external labels: run: my-nginx spec: ports: - port: 443 protocol: TCP selector: run: my-nginx --- apiVersion: apps/v1 kind: Deployment metadata: name: my-nginx namespace: mesh-external spec: selector: matchLabels: run: my-nginx replicas: 1 template: metadata: labels: run: my-nginx spec: containers: - name: my-nginx image: nginx ports: - containerPort: 443 volumeMounts: - name: nginx-config mountPath: /etc/nginx readOnly: true - name: nginx-server-certs mountPath: /etc/nginx-server-certs readOnly: true - name: nginx-ca-certs mountPath: /etc/nginx-ca-certs readOnly: true volumes: - name: nginx-config configMap: name: nginx-configmap - name: nginx-server-certs secret: secretName: nginx-server-certs - name: nginx-ca-certs secret: secretName: nginx-ca-certs EOF
为
nginx.example.com
定义一个ServiceEntry
和一个VirtualService
,指示 Istio 引导目标为nginx.example.com
的流量流向 NGINX 服务器:$ kubectl apply -f - <<EOF apiVersion: networking.istio.io/v1alpha3 kind: ServiceEntry metadata: name: nginx spec: hosts: - nginx.example.com ports: - number: 80 name: http protocol: HTTP - number: 443 name: https protocol: HTTPS resolution: DNS endpoints: - address: my-nginx.mesh-external.svc.cluster.local ports: https: 443 --- apiVersion: networking.istio.io/v1alpha3 kind: VirtualService metadata: name: nginx spec: hosts: - nginx.example.com tls: - match: - port: 443 sni_hosts: - nginx.example.com route: - destination: host: nginx.example.com port: number: 443 weight: 100 EOF
使用客户端证书重新部署 egress 网关
生成 Kubernetes Secrets 保存客户端和 CA 的证书。
$ kubectl create -n istio-system secret tls nginx-client-certs --key client.example.com.key --cert client.example.com.crt $ kubectl create -n istio-system secret generic nginx-ca-certs --from-file=example.com.crt
部署
istio-egressgateway
挂载新生成的 Secrets 的 Volume。使用的参数选项与生成istio.yaml
中的一致,创建下面的gateway-patch.json
文件:$ cat > gateway-patch.json <<EOF [{ "op": "add", "path": "/spec/template/spec/containers/0/volumeMounts/0", "value": { "mountPath": "/etc/istio/nginx-client-certs", "name": "nginx-client-certs", "readOnly": true } }, { "op": "add", "path": "/spec/template/spec/volumes/0", "value": { "name": "nginx-client-certs", "secret": { "secretName": "nginx-client-certs", "optional": true } } }, { "op": "add", "path": "/spec/template/spec/containers/0/volumeMounts/1", "value": { "mountPath": "/etc/istio/nginx-ca-certs", "name": "nginx-ca-certs", "readOnly": true } }, { "op": "add", "path": "/spec/template/spec/volumes/1", "value": { "name": "nginx-ca-certs", "secret": { "secretName": "nginx-ca-certs", "optional": true } } }] EOF
通过以下命令部署应用
istio-egressgateway
:$ kubectl -n istio-system patch --type=json deploy istio-egressgateway -p "$(cat gateway-patch.json)"
验证密钥和证书被成功装载入
istio-egressgateway
pod:$ kubectl exec -n istio-system "$(kubectl -n istio-system get pods -l istio=egressgateway -o jsonpath='{.items[0].metadata.name}')" -- ls -al /etc/istio/nginx-client-certs /etc/istio/nginx-ca-certs
tls.crt
与tls.key
在/etc/istio/nginx-client-certs
中,而ca-chain.cert.pem
在/etc/istio/nginx-ca-certs
中。
为 egress 流量配置双向 TLS
为
my-nginx.mesh-external.svc.cluster.local
创建一个 egressGateway
端口为 443,以及目标规则和虚拟服务来引导流量流经 egress 网关并从 egress 网关流向外部服务。$ kubectl apply -f - <<EOF apiVersion: networking.istio.io/v1alpha3 kind: Gateway metadata: name: istio-egressgateway spec: selector: istio: egressgateway servers: - port: number: 443 name: https protocol: HTTPS hosts: - my-nginx.mesh-external.svc.cluster.local tls: mode: ISTIO_MUTUAL --- apiVersion: networking.istio.io/v1alpha3 kind: DestinationRule metadata: name: egressgateway-for-nginx spec: host: istio-egressgateway.istio-system.svc.cluster.local subsets: - name: nginx trafficPolicy: loadBalancer: simple: ROUND_ROBIN portLevelSettings: - port: number: 443 tls: mode: ISTIO_MUTUAL sni: my-nginx.mesh-external.svc.cluster.local EOF
定义一个
VirtualService
引导流量流经 egress 网关:$ kubectl apply -f - <<EOF apiVersion: networking.istio.io/v1alpha3 kind: VirtualService metadata: name: direct-nginx-through-egress-gateway spec: hosts: - my-nginx.mesh-external.svc.cluster.local gateways: - istio-egressgateway - mesh http: - match: - gateways: - mesh port: 80 route: - destination: host: istio-egressgateway.istio-system.svc.cluster.local subset: nginx port: number: 443 weight: 100 - match: - gateways: - istio-egressgateway port: 443 route: - destination: host: my-nginx.mesh-external.svc.cluster.local port: number: 443 weight: 100 EOF
添加
DestinationRule
执行双向 TLS$ kubectl apply -n istio-system -f - <<EOF apiVersion: networking.istio.io/v1alpha3 kind: DestinationRule metadata: name: originate-mtls-for-nginx spec: host: my-nginx.mesh-external.svc.cluster.local trafficPolicy: loadBalancer: simple: ROUND_ROBIN portLevelSettings: - port: number: 443 tls: mode: MUTUAL clientCertificate: /etc/istio/nginx-client-certs/tls.crt privateKey: /etc/istio/nginx-client-certs/tls.key caCertificates: /etc/istio/nginx-ca-certs/example.com.crt sni: my-nginx.mesh-external.svc.cluster.local EOF
发送一个 HTTP 请求至
http://my-nginx.mesh-external.svc.cluster.local
:$ kubectl exec "$(kubectl get pod -l app=sleep -o jsonpath={.items..metadata.name})" -c sleep -- curl -sS http://my-nginx.mesh-external.svc.cluster.local <!DOCTYPE html> <html> <head> <title>Welcome to nginx!</title> ...
检查
istio-egressgateway
pod 日志,有一行与请求相关的日志记录。 如果 Istio 部署在命名空间istio-system
中,打印日志的命令为:$ kubectl logs -l istio=egressgateway -n istio-system | grep 'my-nginx.mesh-external.svc.cluster.local' | grep HTTP
将显示类似如下的一行:
[2018-08-19T18:20:40.096Z] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 200 - 0 612 7 5 "172.30.146.114" "curl/7.35.0" "b942b587-fac2-9756-8ec6-303561356204" "my-nginx.mesh-external.svc.cluster.local" "172.21.72.197:443"
清除双向 TLS 连接示例
删除创建的 Kubernetes 资源:
$ kubectl delete secret nginx-server-certs nginx-ca-certs -n mesh-external $ kubectl delete secret client-credential -n istio-system $ kubectl delete configmap nginx-configmap -n mesh-external $ kubectl delete service my-nginx -n mesh-external $ kubectl delete deployment my-nginx -n mesh-external $ kubectl delete namespace mesh-external $ kubectl delete gateway istio-egressgateway $ kubectl delete virtualservice direct-nginx-through-egress-gateway $ kubectl delete destinationrule -n istio-system originate-mtls-for-nginx $ kubectl delete destinationrule egressgateway-for-nginx
删除证书和私钥:
$ rm example.com.crt example.com.key my-nginx.mesh-external.svc.cluster.local.crt my-nginx.mesh-external.svc.cluster.local.key my-nginx.mesh-external.svc.cluster.local.csr client.example.com.crt client.example.com.csr client.example.com.key
删除生成并应用于示例中的配置文件
$ rm ./nginx.conf $ rm ./gateway-patch.json
清除
删除 sleep
服务和部署:
$ kubectl delete service sleep
$ kubectl delete deployment sleep