镜像

此任务演示了 Istio 的流量镜像功能。

流量镜像,也称为影子流量,是一个以尽可能低的风险为生产带来变化的强大的功能。镜像会将实时流量的副本发送到镜像服务。镜像流量发生在主服务的关键请求路径之外。

在此任务中,首先把流量全部路由到测试服务的 v1 版本。然后,执行规则将一部分流量镜像到 v2 版本。

开始之前

  • 按照安装指南中的说明设置 Istio。

  • 首先部署两个版本的 Httpbin 服务,并开启访问日志功能:

    httpbin-v1:

    $ cat <<EOF | istioctl kube-inject -f - | kubectl create -f -
    apiVersion: apps/v1
    kind: Deployment
    metadata:
      name: httpbin-v1
    spec:
      replicas: 1
      selector:
        matchLabels:
          app: httpbin
          version: v1
      template:
        metadata:
          labels:
            app: httpbin
            version: v1
        spec:
          containers:
          - image: docker.io/kennethreitz/httpbin
            imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
            name: httpbin
            command: ["gunicorn", "--access-logfile", "-", "-b", "0.0.0.0:80", "httpbin:app"]
            ports:
            - containerPort: 80
    EOF
    

    httpbin-v2:

    $ cat <<EOF | istioctl kube-inject -f - | kubectl create -f -
    apiVersion: apps/v1
    kind: Deployment
    metadata:
      name: httpbin-v2
    spec:
      replicas: 1
      selector:
        matchLabels:
          app: httpbin
          version: v2
      template:
        metadata:
          labels:
            app: httpbin
            version: v2
        spec:
          containers:
          - image: docker.io/kennethreitz/httpbin
            imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
            name: httpbin
            command: ["gunicorn", "--access-logfile", "-", "-b", "0.0.0.0:80", "httpbin:app"]
            ports:
            - containerPort: 80
    EOF
    

    httpbin Kubernetes service:

    $ kubectl create -f - <<EOF
    apiVersion: v1
    kind: Service
    metadata:
      name: httpbin
      labels:
        app: httpbin
    spec:
      ports:
      - name: http
        port: 8000
        targetPort: 80
      selector:
        app: httpbin
    EOF
    
  • 启动 sleep 服务,这样就可以使用 curl 来提供负载:

    sleep service:

    $ cat <<EOF | istioctl kube-inject -f - | kubectl create -f -
    apiVersion: apps/v1
    kind: Deployment
    metadata:
      name: sleep
    spec:
      replicas: 1
      selector:
        matchLabels:
          app: sleep
      template:
        metadata:
          labels:
            app: sleep
        spec:
          containers:
          - name: sleep
            image: tutum/curl
            command: ["/bin/sleep","infinity"]
            imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
    EOF
    

创建一个默认路由策略

默认情况下,Kubernetes 在 httpbin 服务的两个版本之间进行负载均衡。在此步骤中会更改该行为,把所有流量都路由到 v1 版本。

  1. 创建一个默认路由规则,将所有流量路由到服务的 v1 版本:

    $ kubectl apply -f - <<EOF
    apiVersion: networking.istio.io/v1alpha3
    kind: VirtualService
    metadata:
      name: httpbin
    spec:
      hosts:
        - httpbin
      http:
      - route:
        - destination:
            host: httpbin
            subset: v1
          weight: 100
    ---
    apiVersion: networking.istio.io/v1alpha3
    kind: DestinationRule
    metadata:
      name: httpbin
    spec:
      host: httpbin
      subsets:
      - name: v1
        labels:
          version: v1
      - name: v2
        labels:
          version: v2
    EOF
    

    现在所有流量都转到 httpbin:v1 服务。

  2. 向服务发送一部分流量:

    $ export SLEEP_POD=$(kubectl get pod -l app=sleep -o jsonpath={.items..metadata.name})
    $ kubectl exec "${SLEEP_POD}" -c sleep -- curl -sS http://httpbin:8000/headers
    {
      "headers": {
        "Accept": "*/*",
        "Content-Length": "0",
        "Host": "httpbin:8000",
        "User-Agent": "curl/7.35.0",
        "X-B3-Parentspanid": "57784f8bff90ae0b",
        "X-B3-Sampled": "1",
        "X-B3-Spanid": "3289ae7257c3f159",
        "X-B3-Traceid": "b56eebd279a76f0b57784f8bff90ae0b",
        "X-Envoy-Attempt-Count": "1",
        "X-Forwarded-Client-Cert": "By=spiffe://cluster.local/ns/default/sa/default;Hash=20afebed6da091c850264cc751b8c9306abac02993f80bdb76282237422bd098;Subject=\"\";URI=spiffe://cluster.local/ns/default/sa/default"
      }
    }
    
  3. 分别查看 httpbin Pod的 v1v2 两个版本的日志。您可以看到 v1 版本的访问日志条目,而 v2 版本没有日志:

    $ export V1_POD=$(kubectl get pod -l app=httpbin,version=v1 -o jsonpath={.items..metadata.name})
    $ kubectl logs "$V1_POD" -c httpbin
    127.0.0.1 - - [07/Mar/2018:19:02:43 +0000] "GET /headers HTTP/1.1" 200 321 "-" "curl/7.35.0"
    
    $ export V2_POD=$(kubectl get pod -l app=httpbin,version=v2 -o jsonpath={.items..metadata.name})
    $ kubectl logs "$V2_POD" -c httpbin
    <none>
    

镜像流量到 v2

  1. 改变流量规则将流量镜像到 v2:

    $ kubectl apply -f - <<EOF
    apiVersion: networking.istio.io/v1alpha3
    kind: VirtualService
    metadata:
      name: httpbin
    spec:
      hosts:
        - httpbin
      http:
      - route:
        - destination:
            host: httpbin
            subset: v1
          weight: 100
        mirror:
          host: httpbin
          subset: v2
        mirrorPercent: 100
    EOF
    

    这个路由规则发送 100% 流量到 v1 版本。最后一节表示您将 100% 的相同流量镜像(即发送)到 httpbin:v2 服务。当流量被镜像时,请求将发送到镜像服务中,并在 headers 中的 Host/Authority 属性值上追加 -shadow。例如 cluster-1 变为 cluster-1-shadow

    此外,重点注意这些被镜像的流量是『 即发即弃』的,就是说镜像请求的响应会被丢弃。

    您可以使用 mirror_percent 属性来设置镜像流量的百分比,而不是镜像全部请求。为了兼容老版本,如果这个属性不存在,将镜像所有流量。

  2. 发送流量:

    $ kubectl exec "${SLEEP_POD}" -c sleep -- curl -sS http://httpbin:8000/headers
    

    现在就可以看到 v1v2 版本中都有了访问日志。v2 版本中的访问日志就是由镜像流量产生的,这些请求的实际目标是 v1 版本。

    $ kubectl logs "$V1_POD" -c httpbin
    127.0.0.1 - - [07/Mar/2018:19:02:43 +0000] "GET /headers HTTP/1.1" 200 321 "-" "curl/7.35.0"
    127.0.0.1 - - [07/Mar/2018:19:26:44 +0000] "GET /headers HTTP/1.1" 200 321 "-" "curl/7.35.0"
    
    $ kubectl logs "$V2_POD" -c httpbin
    127.0.0.1 - - [07/Mar/2018:19:26:44 +0000] "GET /headers HTTP/1.1" 200 361 "-" "curl/7.35.0"
    

清理

  1. 删除规则:

    $ kubectl delete virtualservice httpbin
    $ kubectl delete destinationrule httpbin
    
  2. 关闭 Httpbin 服务和客户端:

    $ kubectl delete deploy httpbin-v1 httpbin-v2 sleep
    $ kubectl delete svc httpbin
    
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