远程访问遥测插件

此任务说明如何配置 Istio 以暴露和访问集群外部的遥测插件。

配置远程访问

远程访问遥测插件的方式有很多种。 该任务涵盖了两种基本访问方式:安全的(通过 HTTPS)和不安全的(通过 HTTP)。 对于任何生产或敏感环境,强烈建议通过安全方式访问。 不安全访问易于设置,但是无法保护在集群外传输的任何凭据或数据。

对于这两种方式,首先请执行以下步骤:

  1. 在您的集群中安装 Istio

    要安装额外的遥测插件,请参考集成文档。

  2. 设置域名暴露这些插件。在此示例中,您将在子域名 grafana.example.com 上暴露每个插件。

    • 如果您有一个域名(例如 example.com)指向 istio-ingressgateway 的外部 IP 地址:

      $ export INGRESS_DOMAIN="example.com"
      
    • 如果您没有域名,您可以使用 nip.io,它将自动解析为提供的 IP 地址,这种方式不建议用于生产用途。

      $ export INGRESS_HOST=$(kubectl -n istio-system get service istio-ingressgateway -o jsonpath='{.status.loadBalancer.ingress[0].ip}')
      $ export INGRESS_DOMAIN=${INGRESS_HOST}.nip.io
      

方式 1:安全访问(HTTPS)

安全访问需要一个服务器证书。按照这些步骤来为您的域名安装并配置服务器证书。

此示例使用自签名证书,这可能不适合生产用途。针对生产环境,请考虑使用 cert-manager 或其他工具来配置证书。 您还可以参阅使用 HTTPS 保护网关任务, 了解有关在网关上使用 HTTPS 的基本信息。

  1. 设置证书,此示例使用 openssl 进行自签名。

    $ CERT_DIR=/tmp/certs
    $ mkdir -p ${CERT_DIR}
    $ openssl req -x509 -sha256 -nodes -days 365 -newkey rsa:2048 -subj "/O=example Inc./CN=*.${INGRESS_DOMAIN}" -keyout ${CERT_DIR}/ca.key -out ${CERT_DIR}/ca.crt
    $ openssl req -out ${CERT_DIR}/cert.csr -newkey rsa:2048 -nodes -keyout ${CERT_DIR}/tls.key -subj "/CN=*.${INGRESS_DOMAIN}/O=example organization"
    $ openssl x509 -req -sha256 -days 365 -CA ${CERT_DIR}/ca.crt -CAkey ${CERT_DIR}/ca.key -set_serial 0 -in ${CERT_DIR}/cert.csr -out ${CERT_DIR}/tls.crt
    $ kubectl create -n istio-system secret tls telemetry-gw-cert --key=${CERT_DIR}/tls.key --cert=${CERT_DIR}/tls.crt
    
  2. 应用遥测插件的网络配置。

    1. 应用以下配置以暴露 Grafana:

      $ cat <<EOF | kubectl apply -f -
      apiVersion: networking.istio.io/v1alpha3
      kind: Gateway
      metadata:
        name: grafana-gateway
        namespace: istio-system
      spec:
        selector:
          istio: ingressgateway
        servers:
        - port:
            number: 443
            name: https-grafana
            protocol: HTTPS
          tls:
            mode: SIMPLE
            credentialName: telemetry-gw-cert
          hosts:
          - "grafana.${INGRESS_DOMAIN}"
      ---
      apiVersion: networking.istio.io/v1alpha3
      kind: VirtualService
      metadata:
        name: grafana-vs
        namespace: istio-system
      spec:
        hosts:
        - "grafana.${INGRESS_DOMAIN}"
        gateways:
        - grafana-gateway
        http:
        - route:
          - destination:
              host: grafana
              port:
                number: 3000
      ---
      apiVersion: networking.istio.io/v1alpha3
      kind: DestinationRule
      metadata:
        name: grafana
        namespace: istio-system
      spec:
        host: grafana
        trafficPolicy:
          tls:
            mode: DISABLE
      ---
      EOF
      gateway.networking.istio.io/grafana-gateway created
      virtualservice.networking.istio.io/grafana-vs created
      destinationrule.networking.istio.io/grafana created
      
    2. 应用以下配置以暴露 Kiali:

      $ cat <<EOF | kubectl apply -f -
      apiVersion: networking.istio.io/v1alpha3
      kind: Gateway
      metadata:
        name: kiali-gateway
        namespace: istio-system
      spec:
        selector:
          istio: ingressgateway
        servers:
        - port:
            number: 443
            name: https-kiali
            protocol: HTTPS
          tls:
            mode: SIMPLE
            credentialName: telemetry-gw-cert
          hosts:
          - "kiali.${INGRESS_DOMAIN}"
      ---
      apiVersion: networking.istio.io/v1alpha3
      kind: VirtualService
      metadata:
        name: kiali-vs
        namespace: istio-system
      spec:
        hosts:
        - "kiali.${INGRESS_DOMAIN}"
        gateways:
        - kiali-gateway
        http:
        - route:
          - destination:
              host: kiali
              port:
                number: 20001
      ---
      apiVersion: networking.istio.io/v1alpha3
      kind: DestinationRule
      metadata:
        name: kiali
        namespace: istio-system
      spec:
        host: kiali
        trafficPolicy:
          tls:
            mode: DISABLE
      ---
      EOF
      gateway.networking.istio.io/kiali-gateway created
      virtualservice.networking.istio.io/kiali-vs created
      destinationrule.networking.istio.io/kiali created
      
    3. 应用以下配置以暴露 Prometheus:

      $ cat <<EOF | kubectl apply -f -
      apiVersion: networking.istio.io/v1alpha3
      kind: Gateway
      metadata:
        name: prometheus-gateway
        namespace: istio-system
      spec:
        selector:
          istio: ingressgateway
        servers:
        - port:
            number: 443
            name: https-prom
            protocol: HTTPS
          tls:
            mode: SIMPLE
            credentialName: telemetry-gw-cert
          hosts:
          - "prometheus.${INGRESS_DOMAIN}"
      ---
      apiVersion: networking.istio.io/v1alpha3
      kind: VirtualService
      metadata:
        name: prometheus-vs
        namespace: istio-system
      spec:
        hosts:
        - "prometheus.${INGRESS_DOMAIN}"
        gateways:
        - prometheus-gateway
        http:
        - route:
          - destination:
              host: prometheus
              port:
                number: 9090
      ---
      apiVersion: networking.istio.io/v1alpha3
      kind: DestinationRule
      metadata:
        name: prometheus
        namespace: istio-system
      spec:
        host: prometheus
        trafficPolicy:
          tls:
            mode: DISABLE
      ---
      EOF
      gateway.networking.istio.io/prometheus-gateway created
      virtualservice.networking.istio.io/prometheus-vs created
      destinationrule.networking.istio.io/prometheus created
      
    4. 应用以下配置以暴露跟踪服务:

      $ cat <<EOF | kubectl apply -f -
      apiVersion: networking.istio.io/v1alpha3
      kind: Gateway
      metadata:
        name: tracing-gateway
        namespace: istio-system
      spec:
        selector:
          istio: ingressgateway
        servers:
        - port:
            number: 443
            name: https-tracing
            protocol: HTTPS
          tls:
            mode: SIMPLE
            credentialName: telemetry-gw-cert
          hosts:
          - "tracing.${INGRESS_DOMAIN}"
      ---
      apiVersion: networking.istio.io/v1alpha3
      kind: VirtualService
      metadata:
        name: tracing-vs
        namespace: istio-system
      spec:
        hosts:
        - "tracing.${INGRESS_DOMAIN}"
        gateways:
        - tracing-gateway
        http:
        - route:
          - destination:
              host: tracing
              port:
                number: 80
      ---
      apiVersion: networking.istio.io/v1alpha3
      kind: DestinationRule
      metadata:
        name: tracing
        namespace: istio-system
      spec:
        host: tracing
        trafficPolicy:
          tls:
            mode: DISABLE
      ---
      EOF
      gateway.networking.istio.io/tracing-gateway created
      virtualservice.networking.istio.io/tracing-vs created
      destinationrule.networking.istio.io/tracing created
      
  3. 通过浏览器访问这些遥测插件。

    • Kiali:https://kiali.${INGRESS_DOMAIN}
    • Prometheus:https://prometheus.${INGRESS_DOMAIN}
    • Grafana:https://grafana.${INGRESS_DOMAIN}
    • Tracing:https://tracing.${INGRESS_DOMAIN}

方式 2:不安全访问(HTTP)

  1. 应用遥测插件的网络配置。

    1. 应用以下配置以暴露 Grafana:

      $ cat <<EOF | kubectl apply -f -
      apiVersion: networking.istio.io/v1alpha3
      kind: Gateway
      metadata:
        name: grafana-gateway
        namespace: istio-system
      spec:
        selector:
          istio: ingressgateway
        servers:
        - port:
            number: 80
            name: http-grafana
            protocol: HTTP
          hosts:
          - "grafana.${INGRESS_DOMAIN}"
      ---
      apiVersion: networking.istio.io/v1alpha3
      kind: VirtualService
      metadata:
        name: grafana-vs
        namespace: istio-system
      spec:
        hosts:
        - "grafana.${INGRESS_DOMAIN}"
        gateways:
        - grafana-gateway
        http:
        - route:
          - destination:
              host: grafana
              port:
                number: 3000
      ---
      apiVersion: networking.istio.io/v1alpha3
      kind: DestinationRule
      metadata:
        name: grafana
        namespace: istio-system
      spec:
        host: grafana
        trafficPolicy:
          tls:
            mode: DISABLE
      ---
      EOF
      gateway.networking.istio.io/grafana-gateway created
      virtualservice.networking.istio.io/grafana-vs created
      destinationrule.networking.istio.io/grafana created
      
    2. 应用以下配置以暴露 Kiali:

      $ cat <<EOF | kubectl apply -f -
      apiVersion: networking.istio.io/v1alpha3
      kind: Gateway
      metadata:
        name: kiali-gateway
        namespace: istio-system
      spec:
        selector:
          istio: ingressgateway
        servers:
        - port:
            number: 80
            name: http-kiali
            protocol: HTTP
          hosts:
          - "kiali.${INGRESS_DOMAIN}"
      ---
      apiVersion: networking.istio.io/v1alpha3
      kind: VirtualService
      metadata:
        name: kiali-vs
        namespace: istio-system
      spec:
        hosts:
        - "kiali.${INGRESS_DOMAIN}"
        gateways:
        - kiali-gateway
        http:
        - route:
          - destination:
              host: kiali
              port:
                number: 20001
      ---
      apiVersion: networking.istio.io/v1alpha3
      kind: DestinationRule
      metadata:
        name: kiali
        namespace: istio-system
      spec:
        host: kiali
        trafficPolicy:
          tls:
            mode: DISABLE
      ---
      EOF
      gateway.networking.istio.io/kiali-gateway created
      virtualservice.networking.istio.io/kiali-vs created
      destinationrule.networking.istio.io/kiali created
      
    3. 应用以下配置以暴露 Prometheus:

      $ cat <<EOF | kubectl apply -f -
      apiVersion: networking.istio.io/v1alpha3
      kind: Gateway
      metadata:
        name: prometheus-gateway
        namespace: istio-system
      spec:
        selector:
          istio: ingressgateway
        servers:
        - port:
            number: 80
            name: http-prom
            protocol: HTTP
          hosts:
          - "prometheus.${INGRESS_DOMAIN}"
      ---
      apiVersion: networking.istio.io/v1alpha3
      kind: VirtualService
      metadata:
        name: prometheus-vs
        namespace: istio-system
      spec:
        hosts:
        - "prometheus.${INGRESS_DOMAIN}"
        gateways:
        - prometheus-gateway
        http:
        - route:
          - destination:
              host: prometheus
              port:
                number: 9090
      ---
      apiVersion: networking.istio.io/v1alpha3
      kind: DestinationRule
      metadata:
        name: prometheus
        namespace: istio-system
      spec:
        host: prometheus
        trafficPolicy:
          tls:
            mode: DISABLE
      ---
      EOF
      gateway.networking.istio.io/prometheus-gateway created
      virtualservice.networking.istio.io/prometheus-vs created
      destinationrule.networking.istio.io/prometheus created
      
    4. 应用以下配置以暴露跟踪服务:

      $ cat <<EOF | kubectl apply -f -
      apiVersion: networking.istio.io/v1alpha3
      kind: Gateway
      metadata:
        name: tracing-gateway
        namespace: istio-system
      spec:
        selector:
          istio: ingressgateway
        servers:
        - port:
            number: 80
            name: http-tracing
            protocol: HTTP
          hosts:
          - "tracing.${INGRESS_DOMAIN}"
      ---
      apiVersion: networking.istio.io/v1alpha3
      kind: VirtualService
      metadata:
        name: tracing-vs
        namespace: istio-system
      spec:
        hosts:
        - "tracing.${INGRESS_DOMAIN}"
        gateways:
        - tracing-gateway
        http:
        - route:
          - destination:
              host: tracing
              port:
                number: 80
      ---
      apiVersion: networking.istio.io/v1alpha3
      kind: DestinationRule
      metadata:
        name: tracing
        namespace: istio-system
      spec:
        host: tracing
        trafficPolicy:
          tls:
            mode: DISABLE
      ---
      EOF
      gateway.networking.istio.io/tracing-gateway created
      virtualservice.networking.istio.io/tracing-vs created
      destinationrule.networking.istio.io/tracing created
      
  2. 通过浏览器访问这些遥测插件。

    • Kiali:http://kiali.${INGRESS_DOMAIN}
    • Prometheus:http://prometheus.${INGRESS_DOMAIN}
    • Grafana:http://grafana.${INGRESS_DOMAIN}
    • Tracing:http://tracing.${INGRESS_DOMAIN}

清理

  • 移除所有相关的 Gateway:

    $ kubectl -n istio-system delete gateway grafana-gateway kiali-gateway prometheus-gateway tracing-gateway
    gateway.networking.istio.io "grafana-gateway" deleted
    gateway.networking.istio.io "kiali-gateway" deleted
    gateway.networking.istio.io "prometheus-gateway" deleted
    gateway.networking.istio.io "tracing-gateway" deleted
    
  • 移除所有相关的 Virtual Service:

    $ kubectl -n istio-system delete virtualservice grafana-vs kiali-vs prometheus-vs tracing-vs
    virtualservice.networking.istio.io "grafana-vs" deleted
    virtualservice.networking.istio.io "kiali-vs" deleted
    virtualservice.networking.istio.io "prometheus-vs" deleted
    virtualservice.networking.istio.io "tracing-vs" deleted
    
  • 移除所有相关的 Destination Rule:

    $ kubectl -n istio-system delete destinationrule grafana kiali prometheus tracing
    destinationrule.networking.istio.io "grafana" deleted
    destinationrule.networking.istio.io "kiali" deleted
    destinationrule.networking.istio.io "prometheus" deleted
    destinationrule.networking.istio.io "tracing" deleted
    
这些信息有用吗?
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